Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

Vol 21, Issue 1, 2015; Page No.(535-543)

PHENOTYPIC AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE IN GROUNDNUT GENOTYPE AND VARIETIES AGAINST LEAFHOPPER AND THRIPS

S. Onkara Naik and Somashekhar

Abstract

Phenotypic and biochemical mechanism of resistance in groundnut genotype and varieties against leafhopper and thrips was undertaken at University of Agrilcultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. The maximum number of midrib hairs were found in NCAc 343 (10.15 hairs/cm) followed by CSMG-84-1 (8.41 hairs/cm) and M-13 (7.85 hairs/cm), which are resistant entries. The midrib hair length ranged from 0.386 (J-11) to 1.611 mm (NCAc 343) and the resistant entries had consistently longer hairs, viz., NCAc 343 (1.611 mm), M- 13 (1.055 mm), CSMG-84-1 (0.995 mm) and ICG 5240 (0.981 mm). The leaf thickness in different categories varied from 0.259 to 0.443 mm. The data on leaf colour revealed no significant difference among resistant and susceptible entries with respect to leafhopper incidence. The total sugar content in resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible, highly susceptible entries did not show any significant difference. The resistant entries like, ICG 5240 (0.59 mg) and CSMG 84-1 (0.53 mg) and moderately resistant, IFDRGVT 11 (0.58 mg/g) had higher amount of phenols compared to other entries, while susceptible and highly susceptible entries viz., GG-2 (0.27mg), ICGV 93023 (0.29 mg), ICGV 87350 (0.33 mg), ICG 7237 and Tirupati-1 (0.34 mg/g) had less quantities of phenols. The simple correlation studies confirmed that there is a significant negative relationship with population (r = -0.411) and per cent damage (r = -0.535). The data on tannin content of different entries showed that, the resistant entry, ICG 5240 had highest (0.0061 mg/g) amount of tannins followed by Kadiri- 3 (0.0040 mg/g of leaf) which is a moderately susceptible cultivar. The correlation co-efficient between amino acids and nymphal population (r = 0.199) and with per cent damage (r = 0.273) was non-significant. However, the highest amount of total amino acids were recorded in M-13 (resistant), Kadiri-3 (moderately susceptible), Dh-3-30 (moderately resistant), ICGV-87264 (moderately resistant), ICG-7237 (highly susceptible) compared to other entries.

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