BIOMONITORING OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE TOXICITY ON CASSIA SIAMEA SEEDLINGG. RENUGAAbstract Over the last decades scientists have focused much attention on the physiological, and functional biology of plant oxidative systems and there is considerable evidence suggest that enzymes play important roles in plant defense systems. The effect of short term sulphur dioxide fumigation on growth parameters and biochemical content has been studied. The RGR of C.siamea showed gradual increase with increasing plant age in 0.1ppm and showed negative growth in 0.2ppm of SO2 fumigated plants. Stomata opening and partial closure has been observed at low concentration of SO2, which makes entry of SO2 into the cells. At high concentration of SO2 stomata become closed and less amount of SO2 would be expected to enter. There was an increase in the protein contents of leaves in SO2 treated plants due to stimulation in the synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids and inhibition of proteins synthesis at high level SO2 beyond the critical level adversely affects the bioprocesses of living organisms. Furthermore, SO2 might cause phyto- toxic reactions in many plant species, including acidification of leaves, reduction of photosynthetic pigments, degradation of the main cell organelles, because it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased level of ROS in plant cell could be scavenged by SOD which can bring about functional and structural Protection. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), play a major role in reducing oxidative stress by removing the ROS. Therefore, these enzymes are very good biochemical markers of stress and their increased activity may attest to a potential for remediation.
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