MECHANISTIC VIEW IN DEFLUORIDATION OF WATER BYVARIOUS BIOSORBENTS OVER A DECADE - A REVIEWYASHU VERMAAbstract Fluoride is one of the contaminants which is found in excess in surface or groundwater because ofgeochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities. The problem of high fluoride concentration ingroundwater resources has become an important health-related geo-environmental issue in someareas. Fluoride concentrations in the range of 1.54 mg/L result in dental fluorosis whereas withprolonged exposure at still higher fluoride concentrations (410 mg/L) dental fluorosis progressesto skeletal fluorosis. Among various methods used for defluoridation of water such as coagulation,precipitation, membrane processes, electrolytic treatment, ion-exchange, the adsorption process iswidely used. It offers satisfactory results and seems to be a more attractive method for the removalof fluoride in terms of cost, simplicity of design and operation. This review is listed on efficiencyof different biomass for the sequestration of fluoride from water by using adsorption technique.The efficiency of biomass in eliminating fluoride is studied with different parameters such as pH,equilibrium time, adsorbent dose, temperature, initial fluoride concentration and maximumsorption capacity.
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