ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PAPER MILL TREATED EFFLUENT IRRIGATION AND SOLID WASTES AMENDMENT ON SOIL AND GROUND WATER QUALITY– A SOIL COLUMN STUDYM. SUGUNA DEVAKUMARIAbstract The discharges from pulp and paper production have long been recognized as a significant point source of pollution. Early pollution control initiatives, concentrated upon the loading of suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand to the receiving waters. BOD control is still problematic in areas where discharges are made to restricted water courses or enclosed coastal areas. A study of the Sone River in India has shown that the river effectively required 216 km to revert to its original condition after receiving the effluent from a mill of installed capacity of 85 kt per year. The discharges from pulp and paper mills, both effluent and solid wastes have long been recognized as point sources of pollution. Irrigating crops with treated effluent, composting and land application of solid wastes as organic manure substitutes are alternatives to disposal. The impact of continuous effluent irrigation and solid waste amendment on soil and leachate quality were investigated by means of column experiment. The leachate analysis revealed that EC and Na content decreased upto 13 irrigations and then increased. The combination of Fly ash + Bio sludge together with effluent contributed to higher EC in the leachate. Na content was higher under lime sludge+ Bio sludge combination. With reference to the EC and exchangeable Na contents of the post column soils, the EC was high in the top layers, while Na was the highest in the deep layers. The effluent and solid wastes (Fly ash + Bio sludge) combination contributed to the high EC in the soil. Bio sludge together with effluent contributed to the higher build up of exchangeable Na in the soil.
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