TRACE METAL TOXICITY, IN PARTS OF CENTRAL INDO GANGATIC PLAIN: A SUSPECT IN CALCULI PATHOGENESIS?M. SHAMIM KHAN, ROOHI IRSHAD, AHM AHMAD, M. BEG AND M. SALMANAbstract Result of two studies conducted on the state of ground water and soils in the upper central part of Indo Gangatic Plain are presented. Scrutiny of chemical data indicates that quality of the ground water is gradually getting deteriorated particularly in heavy trace metals including Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, Mn and Fe. Enrichment factor and geo accumulation ratio indicate enrichment of soils in Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Geographically the water and soil samples of axial region of the study area are least contaminated compared to flood plain regions of Ganga and Yamuna rivers whereas areas close to Kali nadi are worst affected. Comparison with threshold values of trace metals advocate enrichment of these elements in the environment exclusively through manual enterprises. The entire study region and beyond is in the grip of calculi formation diseases. There is apparent bias in the reported incidences of cholelithiasis and renal stones in terms of geographic barriers. Prevalence of stone related ailments and incidences of carcinogenic cholelithiasis are large in the population living in flood plains. Accumulation of trace metals in the human body indirectly advocate for their surreptitious role in the pathogenesis of calculi formation.
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