BIJOYA BHATTACHARJEE, LOTAN KUMAR BOSE, NITIPRASAD NAMDEORAO JAMBHULKAR AND DEBABRATA NAYAK
Abstract
Biotechnology has become an important subject in our daily life as it implements new methods and technologies to be used in food quality with food quantity in food processing industry, medicine and agriculture. In agriculture, biotechnological tools was of great help for improving food crops, enhancing their nutritional quality, diseases and pest resistance; and mass production of improved cultivars which is able to feed the growing population demand worldwide. Continuous hard work and improvement in the skills of working in these areas is needed from the researchers and plant breeders to increase food production in our country. There are also other criteria which led to the decrease in food production such as climate change, adaptation by diseases and insects pests. Therefore, just an improved package of practices implemented in the field is not enough to bring more food or to increase the rate of production in the country. Crops which are able to withstand the biotic and abiotic stress should also be produce to the farming sector. Researchers have focussed on the use of biotechnology to enhance food crop production and also to bring quality food in our country. Our focus here is to learn the strategies implemented by biotechnologist such as tissue culture, marker assisted selection, genetic engineering technology, genome assisted breeding, genome sequencing and mapping and genome editing. The principles, methodologies, applications and constraints are discussed here in this review.