Bidisha Hazarika, G.K. Saikia, Manuranjan Gogoi and Diganta Kr. Bora
Abstract
Over time, heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides to combat phytophagous insects has led to their accumulation in the environment, resulting in increased pest resistance and reduced soil biodiversity. Approximately 90% of these pesticides enter various environmental systems through runoff, posing significant health risks to both farmers and consumers. Thus, thereâs a growing need for eco-friendly alternatives to establish effective pest management while reducing health hazards. One such approach involves harnessing Azadirachta indica, commonly known as the neem plant, which contains agro-medicinal components with insecticidal, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Azadirachtin, a key ingredient, acts as an insect deterrent, disrupts reproduction, and enhances pest control through innovative nanocarrier-based delivery systems, ensuring stability and sustainability. In this review, we examine the essential components of neem with pesticidal properties, explore their active functional ingredients, and investigate the utilization of nanocarriers for controlled release, thereby enhancing stability and sustainability.