Anindita Barman and Humayun Bokth
Abstract
This research paper presents an in-depth ethnographic study into the plight of communities residing in the riverine char areas of Nalbari district of Assam, where erosion-induced displacement has left inhabitants in a state of precarious homelessness within their own homes. The study employs highly a qualitative approach, combining participant observation, interviews, and oral history to comprehend the socio-cultural and economic impact of erosion on livelihoods and vulnerabilities of char dwellers. The study reveals how climate change exacerbates these challenges, leaving char dwellers vulnerable to environmental hazards. The study reveals that a significant proportion of char dwellers of Nalbari district are illiterate, influencing their perception of hazards and climate change as acts of God. Displacement disrupts homes and vital communication links, such as boat terminals, essential for their mobility. Findings underscore the disproportionate impact on women and structural inequalities perpetuated by gender disparities. Gender inequality further exacerbates their hardships, with women often marginalized and denied property rights, amplifying vulnerability during crises. Furthermore, inadequate education and healthcare infrastructure exacerbate vulnerabilities, leaving char dwellers reliant on makeshift solutions during crises. The study also highlights the pressing issue of land encroachment and illegal sand mining, exacerbating erosion and intensifying challenges faced by char dwellers. The research underscores the need for holistic approaches prioritizing equity, sustainable development, and community resilience in char areas. Through ethnographic methodology, this study aims to shed light on the relationship between erosion patterns, livelihoods, and vulnerability among the char dwellers, filling a crucial gap in the existing literature on this topic. The study also shows how people living in the char areas deal with hazardous situations and manage to survive in this difficult environment. By examining the socio-economic challenges faced by the char dwellers in Nalbari district, this research seeks to inform policy interventions aimed at enhancing the resilience and well-being of vulnerable communities in riverine areas.