Mukesh Kumar, G.T. Patle, Mohan Lal, Abhishek Kumar, Komal Rani and Sajjan Kumar
Abstract
Crop residue plays an essential role in preserving vital agro-environmental services. High-yielding cultivars employed in current agricultural agriculture have significantly increased crop residue and the challenges connected with its management. In developing countries like India, burning crop remnants was commonly encouraged, especially during critical periods between two crops, such as when wheat follows rice and sugarcane harvests, due to the unsuitability of various crop residues for animal feed. Long-term residue burning provides considerable challenges to maintaining the quality of natural resources and a sustainable crop production system, particularly considering climate change. When agricultural residue is burned, its essential components are lost and converted into dangerous air pollutants, which would otherwise be able to power and locate the soil-plant system. The current study overview critically explores the potential of agricultural residue to produce soil ameliorants using thermal decomposition and composting processes. A brief description of residue-derived energy generation (liquid and gaseous fuels) is also given via thermal and thermochemical breakdown processes. This may mitigate the detrimental consequences of fossil fuels on the nationââ¬â¢s ecosystem and economy. The review study also discusses modern industrial uses of crop leftovers and current challenges and areas for future development in sustainable agricultural residue management.