Riya Mazumdar, Surajeet Konwar, Tridisha Borgohain, Dashami Das, Sewashri Das, Ankur Jyoti Dutta, Smita Doley, Pallabi Dutta and Florina Rabha
Abstract
In the natural world, plants are constantly subject to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. Of these stresses, drought is without a doubt the most detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural production. Plant responses to drought are diverse and might include anything from modifications in cellular metabolism to adjustments in crop yields or photosynthetic capacity and growth rates. An overview of the morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations in plants caused by drought is provided in this paper. Understanding how plants respond to drought stress is essential to reducing its negative effects on them. Plants under drought stress undergo morph physiological, metabolic, cellular, and molecular activities as part of their drought response system. Improvements in the root system, leaf structure, osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and stomata regulation are some of these processes. Furthermore, scavenging reactive oxygen species and calcium and phytohormone (abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, etc.) signaling pathways are the primary strategies to deal with drought stress. Application of exogenous chemicals (nitric oxide, 24-epibrassinoide, glycine betaine, and proline) are particularly important in order to further elucidate and increase drought tolerance in plants. Therefore, the current study incorporates a number of drought tolerance mechanisms in addition to the drought stress responses in plants.