P. HEMASANKARI, B. DAYAKAR RAO, VILAS. A. TONAPI AND C. TARA SATHYAVATHI
Abstract
Millets are important Nutri cereals and gains importance in making of value-added products like analogue rice, puffed, flaked, pasta, vermicelli, chocos and extruded flakes. Major millets include Jowar and ragi grain. These 2 grains gain importance due to its nutrient content. Ragi rich in calcium helps for bone development and to increase the energy value and jowar being gluten free and rich in its fiber content is important in making diabetes food and to reduce obesity and thereby heart diseases. Millets are rich in major nutrients of carbohydrates, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, moisture and have a higher calorific energy value. Engineering properties are very important in deciding the packaging material used in packing millet-based value-added products. The important packaging materials used for packing include polyethylene, carton boxes, flexi materials and wooden boxes to avoid damage during the transit. The functional properties of hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, and swelling index were determined for Jowar analogue, ragi analogue and rice control, jowar puffed, ragi puffed, rice murmurae, Jowar flakes, ragi flakes, rice poha, Jowar pasta, ragi pasta, wheat pasta, Jowar pasta, ragi pasta, wheat pasta, Jowar vermicelli, ragi vermicelli, wheat vermicelli, Jowar chocos, ragi chocos, wheat chocos, Jowar extruded flakes, ragi extruded flakes, corn flakes and engineering properties of bulk density, true density, porosity, Hausner ratio, mc(% wb) and mc (% db) were determined using standard procedure. Among the selected value-added products taken for the study, the hydration capacity is maximum in ragi flaked, 3.68 and minimum in ragi puffed, 0.20. Hydration index is maximum in ragi flaked, 36.78 and minimum in ragi pasta, 1.68. In swelling capacity, the minimum is in ragi puffed, 0.05 and maximum is in ragi flaked, 1.14. Swelling index, is maximum ragi extruded flakes is 4.3 and minimum in ragi puffed, 0.19. In bulk density, the maximum is in jowar analogue, 673.9kg/m3 and minimum in jowar puffed, 80.53 kg/m3. In true density, the maximum is in ragi vermicelli, 1687.79kg/m3 and minimum in jowar puffed, 118.05kg/m3. Porosity is maximum in jowar flaked, 88.27% and minimum in 31.49%, jowar puffed sample. Hausner ratio is maximum in 8.65, jowar flaked and minimum in jowar puffed, 1.46. Mc (%wb) is maximum in jowar puffed, 8.2% and minimum in ragi flaked 3.5%. Mc (%db) is maximum in jowar puffed 8.9% and minimum in ragi flakes, 3.63%. Statistical analysis is done for 5% level of significance and found to be significant using SPSS software, version 16.0 Each value is result of 2 replications.3d graphs were drawn for different value-added products using design expert software, 12.0 version.