SAGNIK GHATAK, SUBHASH CHANDRA GHOSAL, ASHLESHA SAHU, MASIRA SIDDIQUI, ARQUAM AZEEM AND ARUN KUMAR
Abstract
The Indian textile industry is of major economic importance and relies on a great deal of dyeing, where the resulting effluents present glaring environmental and health hazards. This review covers physical, chemical, and biological methods for dye degradation. The physical methods include nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, electro-dialysis, and adsorption, which provide effective removal of pollutants. Breakdown of complex dyes takes place through chemical methods like Fenton Reagent, Ozone and UV/H2O2 treatment, while the biological method-includes enzymatic degradation, microbial treatment, phytoremediation, or biosorption-offers scope for a clean environment. Adjustment of pH value and temperature can be helpful to accelerate efficiency in the treatment process. Sustainable solutions and environmental protection are interlinked and call for joint efforts by the stakeholders.