Abolghassem Emamverdian, Yulong Ding and Yinfeng Xiea
Abstract
Phytoremediation is the use of plants as an organic factor in order to eliminate pollutants from soil, air, or wastewater in a cost-effective way. It can remove contaminations with five mechanisms including: Rhizosphere Bioremediation, Phytostabilization, Phytotransformation, Phytoextraction and Rhizofiltration. One of the important aspects of phytoremediation systems is using native plants with high biomass and high ability in stress tolerance. Bamboo species cover a major part of Chinas forests, with over 500 species at 48 genera in tropical and sub-tropical regions with some special characteristics, including fast growing and high biomass Productions, which can be an appropriate option to use as a phytoremediation system. Different parts of a bamboo, including roots, shoots, rhizomes, leaves, and fibers can aid in environmental cleanup by removing contaminations from wastewater, air, and soil. This can cause the accumulation of pollutants in different bamboo organs, reducing anthropogenic CO2 emission with carbon sequester, and storing carbon in plant parts. The aim of this review work is to first investigate the phytoremediation system mechanisms in plants and then introduce bamboos as a successful plant for phytoremediation by assessing the role of roots, shoots, and fibers of bamboo plants in phytoremediation .