MONIKA SHARMA, JOGINDER SINGH, CHINNAPPAN BASKAR AND AJAY KUMAR
Abstract
Biochar derived from biomass is a potential product and an alternative renewable energy source. This review paper discusses the effect of various process parameters on biochar production through biomass pyrolysis and an updated review on the reaction and fundamentals mechanisms of both HTC (Hydrothermal carbonization) process and slow pyrolysis. An alternative to these techniques is dry torrefaction and gasification which has shown promising results. In addition it helps to summarize the physicochemical characteristics of biochars for various applications in the industry. An overview of recent advances occurring in different bio-char utilizations is provided. This include its use as activated carbon, catalyst, fuel cell, soil amendment, contaminant adsorbent, gas storage etc. is given. Its effective utilization requires further research, investigations and experimental designs in terms of biomass composition, feedstock, process conditions and biochar characteristics. Furthermore, agricultural and environmental benefits derived from biochar are also discussed. Overall, use of bio- char as sustainable high-value products seems to have a very promising future.