Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

FORMING AN INDICATIVE COLLECTION OF SPRING WHEAT KASIB 1-16 BY THE RESISTANCE TO DISEASES

Askat Amangeldievich Rsymbetov, Alexey Ivanovich Morgunov and Aigul Izteleuovna Abugaliyeva

Abstract

The Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat improvement was established in 2000 as a result of cooperation between the Scientific-Research Institutes of Wheat Breeding, Experimental and stations in Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia. The goal of the Kazakhstan-Siberian network on Wheat Improvement is searching for stable high-yielding and high-quality forms. The most efficient measure of fighting brown rust is creating varieties resistant to it by crossing resistant donors with local varieties, and selection from hybrid populations of rust-resistant forms, as well as increasing efficiency of spring wheat in Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia through exchanging new varieties and breeding material, as well as coordinated assessment of diseases, exchange of information, organizing meetings and discussions. Currently, the Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat Improvement unites 19 breeding programs in Kazakhstan and Russia whereby wheat breeding is carried out on the area over 20 million ha. Regular exchange is performed through nurseries of the Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat Improvement that were created with the best samples presented by breeding programs. The number of samples of spring common wheat was over 600. Decreased yields due to manifestations of brown rust in blocks were most clearly manifested during humid seasons. According to studies, the main reasons for shortage of the yield were drought and susceptibility to diseases. Absolutely stable were varieties like Chelyaba 75, Ekada 85, Omskaya 39, Ekada 113, Omskaya 41, Eritrospermum 23390, Fitton S-54, Ekada 148, and Lutescens 1147. Varieties and genotypes of the Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat Improvement were classified by the degree of vulnerability from 0 to 10 percent, and up to 30 percent by the method of cluster analysis into 3 large groups. Based on the analysis, a collection of genotypes of wheat resistant to brown and stem rust with the stability of 0, 10 and 20 percent has been created for genetic analysis.